设置特定异常提示语：

#单独作用
try:
    x=int(input('enter the first:'))
    y=int(input('enter the second:'))
    print(x/y)
except  ZeroDivisionError:
    print("the second number can't be zero")

enter the first:12
enter the second:0
the second number can't be zero

#写进类型
class muffledcal:
    muffled=False
    def cal(self,expr):
        try:
            return eval(expr)
        except ZeroDivisionError:
            if self.muffled:
                print('division by zero')
            else:
                raise

calculator=muffledcal()
calculator.cal('10/2')
5.0

calculator.cal('10/0')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#42>", line 1, in <module>
    calculator.cal('10/0')
  File "<pyshell#30>", line 5, in cal
    return eval(expr)

calculator.muffled=True
calculator.cal('10/0')
division by zero
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

 所有错误均显示同样：

try:  
x = int(input('Enter the first number: ')) 
y = int(input('Enter the second number: ')) 
print(x / y) 
except: 
  print('Something wrong happened ...') 

没引发错误时跳出循环：

while True:  
    try: 
         x = int(input('Enter the first number: ')) 
         y = int(input('Enter the second number: ')) 
         value = x / y 
         print('x / y is', value) 
    except: 
         print('Invalid input. Please try again.') 
    else: 
         break 

无论有无错误都结束：

    x = None 
    try:  
        x = 1 / 0 
    finally: 
        print('Cleaning up ...') 
        del x 

检查有无赋值的高效做法：

#低效
def describe_person(person): 
    print('Description of', person['name']) 
    print('Age:', person['age']) 
    if 'occupation' in person:  
         print('Occupation:', person['occupation']) 
#高效
def describe_person(person): 
    print('Description of', person['name']) 
    print('Age:', person['age']) 
    try: 
        print('Occupation:', person['occupation'])  
        except KeyError: pass 

过滤警告：

from warnings import filterwarnings
filterwarnings("ignore")    #过滤ignore类型的警告
from warnings import warn
warn("anyone out there?")

raise使用：

#处理错误并报出错误类型
eval=None

try:
    print(eval=10/0)
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print('10/2')
    raise

10/2
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#67>", line 2, in <module>
    print(eval=10/0)
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

#自定义特定类型错误，raise该类型错误       
class detailed(Exception):    #detailed为一种类型的错误
    def __init__(self,message,code,severity):
        super().__init__(message)    #super获取超类
        self.code=code
        self.severity=severity

        
def some_function(condition):
    if condition:
        raise detailed("Detailed error description: The specified condition has been met.", 400, "error")    #触发错误
    return "Function executed successfully without raising an error."

try:
    result=some_function(True)    #触发错误，执行except
except detailed as e:
    print(f"caught a detailederror:{e}")
    print(f"error code:{e.code}")
    print(f"severity:{e.severity}")
else:
    print(result)

    
caught a detailederror:Detailed error description: The specified condition has been met.
error code:400
severity:error